Children Having Two Homes

One of the realities of divorce is that children are suddenly torn from “one two-parent household” to “two one-parent households.” This change can be extremely stressful on children, not only on an emotional level, but on a physical level as well. After two new households have been established, children must adapt to at least one new residence, if not two. Additionally, there may be new schools and new neighborhoods involved.

When a child makes a transition to “two one-parent households,” it is helpful to understand it from the child’s perspective, which is similar to the anxiety experienced on the first day of school: New teachers, new classmates – who can be trusted, who can’t, finding one’s way around the school, getting your locker open, what books and homework need to be taken home, making the bus on time, etc. While such an analogy severely underestimates the stress the children may be going through, it is important to remember what it was like to be at their age. Fortunately, though, there are a number of things a parent can do to help ease the transition of the child during this confusing time.

When the transition is made from one home to two homes, particularly in the case of younger children, there should be objects of comfort such as stuffed animals or toys in each home. Having “comfort items” other than items needed for living present at each place reassures the children that they are welcome in each home. It is also a good idea for each parent to give the children a photograph or other memento to remember the parent by when they are apart.

Moreover, it is important for the children to know that they are safe in each home, and what to do if there is an emergency. This means the children should know where the emergency phones numbers are as well as which neighbors can be counted on for help.

Depending on the length of the visit at each parent’s home, rather than having the child pack a huge suitcase hauling all his or her possessions from one place to the next, the child should have a set of basic items in each home. For example, the child should have toiletries and several sets of clothing at each residence. This limits the inconvenience of continually packing and unpacking, and relieves stress on the child (as well as the parent). It is also helpful to have the children participate in the purchases of the “second set” of items so they can feel like they have some control over the situation.

If possible, it is a good idea to set apart an area in each home as the “child’s room” or some other area that the child can depend on as being his or her own space. If separate rooms for the child are not feasible, other options should be considered, such as a desk or drawer. An area reserved as the child’s can alleviate any fears that the child might have regarding a new setting.

The children should be able to communicate with the other parent, either through email, telephone, or other means. Staying in contact with the other parent allows the children to feel that both parents want to remain involved in their life, regardless of where the children are physically.

In the beginning, the children may be apprehensive about traveling to the other parent’s home for no other reason than simply fear of the unknown. Parents can help their children overcome their fears by telling them that once they get to the new place, they’ll play a favorite game, have a special treat, etc.

If there are family pets, it may sometimes be possible if the pets make the trip between households, as well. Having a companion along for the trip is a source of comfort for children.

Two different sets of household rules are a frequent problem of kids having two homes. This can often be the source of great conflict between the parents, and confusing to the children. The difference in rules between households should be minimized as much as possible. In particular, parents will want to pay special attention to keeping the basics of the children’s routine the same, such as bedtime, mealtimes, habits regarding bathing, chore responsibilities, homework, curfews, allowances, use of cars, etc. As long as the children’s routine is kept consistent, though, the parents should be prepared to realize that the other parent might have a different parenting philosophy.

To the extent possible, parents should jointly attend children’s events, such as sporting events, dance recitals, etc. Even if the parents’ relationship is such that they must view the event from separate locations, it at least gives the children reassurance that they both desire to be involved in their children’s life, regardless of their relationship to the other parent.

Children should never be used to relay messages between parents. Doing so forces the children to decide which parent should receive their loyalty. There is also the risk that the children will feel unloved by a parent if certain commands are not followed. If messages need to be transmitted through the parents, a notebook or journal should be allowed so that the children are not thrust into the parents’ conflict. E-mail communications is another, increasingly frequent, option for divorcing parents.

Over time, children can adapt and function well in two homes. However, the parents bear a responsibility to make the transition as seamless as possible, as well as to avoid placing the child into the center of their conflict.

Colorado Child Support Laws (overview)

COLORADO CHILD SUPPORT

Colorado child support is considered a right of the child and both parents have a duty to provide child support until the child is emancipated. Child support is calculated pursuant to a formula called the “Child Support Guidelines”. The guidelines are based on what the family would have spent for the child’s care had the parties not separated. Some of the factors considered in a support calculation include: the gross income of both parents and the child (if any), the age and needs of the child, and the child’s number of overnight visits with each parent.

In 2002 the Colorado State Legislature passed a new law, SB 21, which raised the Colorado child support guideline limits and also created new provisions for lower income earners. The child support laws in Colorado became effective on January 1, 2003. Some highlights of the law include the following:

1. There is a “low income adjustment” which applies to a party with the fewest number of overnights and an adjusted monthly income less than $1,850. This party’s share of the total obligation is calculated pursuant to a new mathematical formula.
2. There is a new “very low income adjustment” for cases where the party ordered to pay support has less than $850 adjusted monthly income. The minimum monthly obligation in these cases is limited to $50.
3. Extraordinary medical expenses now includes co-payments and deductible amounts that exceed a combined $250 per child per year.
4. The Federal Child Care Credit has changed from 35% to 20% for annual incomes, which are scaled up to more than $43k (formerly $28k).